controller/README

The Kiibohd Controller
----------------------

This README is a bit long, just look at the sections you are interested in.
Linux is the ideal build environment (preferably recent'ish).


Building on Mac should be ok for 99% of users with Macports (haven't tried Brew).
The dfu Bootloader will not build correctly with the old version of arm-none-eabi-gcc that Macports currently has (4.7.3).
This is due to a bug with lto (link time optimizations) which makes the resulting binary too big to fit on the chip (must be less than 4096 Bytes).

Building on Windows should also be fine for 99% of users, but takes a bunch of work to setup (because Windows is a crappy dev environment).
Cygwin is currently required along with some non-Cygwin compilers and utilities (because they are not available for Cygwin).
The dfu Bootloader will not build because of a Make 3.81+ bug/feature that removed support for non-Unix (Windows) filenames as dependencies of targets.
If you replace the version of Make in Cygwin it should work (e.g. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/601516/cygwin-make-error-target-pattern-contains-no).
However, make sure that the flash size is no larger than 4096 Bytes or the bootloader will not work.


Please give authors credit for modules used if you use in a distributed product :D



----------------------
Dependencies
----------------------

Below listed are the Arch Linux pacman names, AUR packages may be required.

These depend a bit on which targets you are trying to build, but the general one:
- cmake (2.8 and higher)
- git
- ctags (recommended, not required)
- python3
- libusb1.0 (and -devel)
- make


AVR Specific (Teensy 1.0/++,2.0/++) (try to use something recent, suggested versions below)
- avr-gcc      (~4.8.0)
- avr-binutils (~2.23.2)
- avr-libc     (~1.8.0)


ARM Specific (Teensy 3.0/3.1) (Sourcery CodeBench Lite for ARM EABI
(http://www.mentor.com/embedded-software/sourcery-tools/sourcery-codebench/editions/lite-edition/)
- arm-none-eabi
OR
- arm-none-eabi-gcc
- arm-none-eaby-binutils
(I've actually had some issues with Sourcery CodeBench on Linux, so I often just use these)



----------------------
Windows Setup
----------------------

Compiling on Windows does work, just it's a bunch more work.

First make sure Cygwin is installed - http://www.cygwin.com/ - 32bit or 64bit is fine. Make sure the following are installed:
- make
- git (needed for some compilation info)
- cmake
- gcc-core
- gcc-g++
- libusb1.0
- libusb1.0-devel
- python3
- ctags (recommended, not required)

Please note, I use cygwin term exclusively for any command line options. Unless mentioned otherwise use it.
Do NOT use CMD or Powershell.

Also install the Windows version of CMake (3+ is ideal) - http://cmake.org/cmake/resources/software.html
This is in addition to the Cygwin version. This is an easier alternative to installing another C compiler.
Add the following line to your .bashrc, making sure the CMake path is correct:
  echo "alias wincmake=\"PATH='/cygdrive/c/Program Files (x86)/CMake'/bin:'${PATH}' cmake -G 'Unix Makefiles'\"" >> ~/.bashrc

Install the PJRC Virtual Serial Port Driver:
(http://pjrc.com/teensy/serial_install.exe)

Next, install the compiler(s) you want.



 ---------
| AVR GCC |
 ---------

You just need the Atmel AVR 8-bit Toolchain. The latest should be fine, as of writing it was 3.4.3.

http://www.atmel.com/tools/atmelavrtoolchainforwindows.aspx
(Atmel AVR 8-bit Toolchain 3.4.3 - Windows)

Extract the files to a directory, say C:\avr8-gnu-toolchain. Then copy all the folders in that directory to the Cygwin /usr/local directory.
Mine is C:\cygwin64\usr\local.
(You can also just setup the paths, but this is faster/simpler. Might screw up your Cygwin though).


 ----------
| ARM EABI |
 ----------

Download the latest version of Mentor Graphics Sourcery CodeBench ARM EABI.

http://www.mentor.com/embedded-software/sourcery-tools/sourcery-codebench/editions/lite-edition/

Look for "Download the EABI Release".
Enter your info to get the download link.
Select the most recent download.
Then download the "IA32 Windows Installer".

Then copy all the folders/files installed (e.g. C:\Users\Haata\MentorGraphics\Sourcery_CodeBench_Lite_for_ARM_EABI\) to Cygwin /usr/local directory.
Mine is C:\cygwin64\usr\local.
Or, you can setup paths using the installer (you have to be more careful though).



----------------------
Selecting Microcontroller
----------------------

This is where you select the chip you want to compile for.
The build system will automatically select the compiler needed to compile for your chip.

Open up CMakeLists.txt in your favourite text editor.
You are looking for:

	###
	# Chip Selection
	#

	#| You _MUST_ set this to match the microcontroller you are trying to compile for
	#| You _MUST_ clean the build directory if you change this value
	#|
	set( CHIP
	#	"at90usb162"       # Teensy   1.0 (avr)
	#	"atmega32u4"       # Teensy   2.0 (avr)
	#	"at90usb646"       # Teensy++ 1.0 (avr)
		"at90usb1286"      # Teensy++ 2.0 (avr)
	#	"mk20dx128"        # Teensy   3.0 (arm)
	#	"mk20dx256"        # Teensy   3.1 (arm)
	)

Just uncomment the chip you want, and comment out the old one.

NOTE: If you change this option, you will *need* to delete the build directory that is created in the Building sections below.



----------------------
Selecting Modules
----------------------

WARNING: Not all modules are compatible, and some modules may have dependencies on other modules.

This is where the options start getting interesting.
The Kiibohd Controller is designed around a set of 4 types of modules that correspond to different functionality:

- Scan Module
- Macro Module
- Output Module
- Debug Module

The Scan Module is where the most interesting stuff happens. These modules take in "keypress data".
A converter Scan Module will interpret a protocol into key press/releases.
A matrix Scan Module may inherit from the matrix module to scan keypress from a matrix
This module just has to give press/release codes, but does have some callback control to other modules depending on the lifecycle for press/release codes (this can be very complicated depending on the protocol).
Each Scan Module has it's own default keymap/modifier map. (TODO recommend keymap changing in the Macro Module).

Some scan modules have very specialized hardware requirements, each module directory should have at least a link to the needed parts and/or schematics (TODO!).


The Macro Module takes care of the mapping of the key press/release code into an Output (USB) scan code.
Any layering, macros, keypress intelligence/reaction is done here.


The Output Module is the module dealing with output from the microcontroller. Currently USB is the only output protocol.
Different USB output implementations are available, pjrc being the safest/least featureful one.
Debug capabilities may depend on the module selected.


The Debug Module enables various things like the Teensy LED on errors, debug terminal output.
(TODO get true UART working in avr, not just arm)



Open up CMakeLists.txt in your favourite text editor.
Look for:

	###
	# Project Modules
	#

	#| Note: This is the only section you probably want to modify
	#| Each module is defined by it's own folder (e.g. Scan/Matrix represents the "Matrix" module)
	#| All of the modules must be specified, as they generate the sources list of files to compile
	#| Any modifications to this file will cause a complete rebuild of the project

	#| Please look at the {Scan,Macro,Output,Debug}/module.txt for information on the modules and how to create new ones

	##| Deals with acquiring the keypress information and turning it into a key index
	set(  ScanModule  "avr-capsense" )

	##| Uses the key index and potentially applies special conditions to it, mapping it to a usb key code
	set( MacroModule  "buffer"  )

	##| Sends the current list of usb key codes through USB HID
	set(   OutputModule  "pjrc"   )

	##| Debugging source to use, each module has it's own set of defines that it sets
	set( DebugModule  "full"   )


Look at each module individually for it's requirements. There is chip/architecture dependency checking but some permutations of modules may not be tested/compile.


There are also CMake options for temporarily selecting modules. But it's easier to just edit the file.
e.g. cmake -DScanModuleOverride=<module name>



----------------------
Linux Building
----------------------

From this directory.
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make


Example output:

	[master]: cmake ..                 [...sy/avr-capsense-haata/build](hyatt@901Mas:pts/4)
	-- Compiler Family:
	avr
	-- MCU Selected:
	at90usb1286
	-- Detected Scan Module Source Files:
	Scan/avr-capsense/scan_loop.c
	-- Detected Macro Module Source Files:
	Macro/buffer/macro.c
	-- Detected Output Module Source Files:
	Output/pjrc/usb_com.c;Output/pjrc/avr/usb_keyboard_debug.c
	-- Detected Debug Module Source Files:
	Debug/full/../led/led.c;Debug/full/../print/print.c
	-- Configuring done
	-- Generating done
	-- Build files have been written to: /home/hyatt/Source/Teensy/avr-capsense-haata/build
	[master]: make                     [...sy/avr-capsense-haata/build](hyatt@901Mas:pts/4)
	Scanning dependencies of target kiibohd.elf
	[ 12%] Building C object CMakeFiles/kiibohd.elf.dir/main.c.o
	[ 25%] Building C object CMakeFiles/kiibohd.elf.dir/Scan/avr-capsense/scan_loop.c.o
	[ 37%] Building C object CMakeFiles/kiibohd.elf.dir/Macro/buffer/macro.c.o
	[ 50%] Building C object CMakeFiles/kiibohd.elf.dir/Output/pjrc/usb_com.c.o
	[ 62%] Building C object CMakeFiles/kiibohd.elf.dir/Output/pjrc/avr/usb_keyboard_debug.c.o
	[ 75%] Building C object CMakeFiles/kiibohd.elf.dir/Debug/led/led.c.o
	[ 87%] Building C object CMakeFiles/kiibohd.elf.dir/Debug/print/print.c.o
	Linking C executable kiibohd.elf
	Creating load file for Flash:  kiibohd.hex
	Creating Extended Listing:     kiibohd.lss
	Creating Symbol Table:         kiibohd.sym
	[ 87%] Built target kiibohd.elf
	Scanning dependencies of target SizeAfter
	[100%] Size after generation:
	   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
	      0    6112       0    6112    17e0 kiibohd.hex
	   5792     320     852    6964    1b34 kiibohd.elf
	[100%] Built target SizeAfter



----------------------
Linux Loading Firmware
----------------------

First place the keyboard into re-flash mode.
This can be done either by pressing the re-flash button on the PCB/Teensy.
Or by entering the Kiibohd Virtual Serial Port and using the 'reload' command.

The 'load' script that is created during the build can load the firmware over USB.
Either run it with sudo, or install the 98-kiibohd.rules to /etc/udev/rules.d
 and run: udevadm control --reload-rules


To load the newly built firmware:
./load



----------------------
Linux Building Bootloader
----------------------

*NOTE* Does not apply to Teensy based builds.

From this directory.
cd Bootloader
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make

Example output:
TODO



----------------------
Linux Loading Bootloader
----------------------

*NOTE* Does not apply to Teensy based builds.

It's recommended to use an SWD-type flasher like a Bus Pirate.
TODO
(Guidelines here https://github.com/mchck/mchck/wiki/Getting-Started)



----------------------
Windows Building
----------------------

From this directory.
mkdir build
cd build
wincmake ..
make


Example output:

	$ cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" ..
	-- Compiler Family:
	avr
	-- MCU Selected:
	atmega32u4
	-- CPU Selected:
	megaAVR
	-- Detected Scan Module Source Files:
	Scan/SKM67001/../matrix/matrix_scan.c;Scan/SKM67001/../matrix/scan_loop.c
	-- Detected Macro Module Source Files:
	Macro/PartialMap/macro.c
	-- Detected Output Module Source Files:
	Output/pjrcUSB/output_com.c;Output/pjrcUSB/avr/usb_keyboard_serial.c
	-- Detected Debug Module Source Files:
	Debug/full/../cli/cli.c;Debug/full/../led/led.c;Debug/full/../print/print.c
	-- Found Git: C:/cygwin64/bin/git.exe (found version "1.7.9")
	-- Configuring done
	-- Generating done
	-- Build files have been written to: C:/cygwin64/home/jacob.alexander/src/capsense-beta/build

	jacob.alexander@JALEXANDER2-LT ~/src/capsense-beta/build
	$ make
	Scanning dependencies of target kiibohd.elf
	[ 10%] Building C object CMakeFiles/kiibohd.elf.dir/main.c.obj
	[ 20%] Building C object CMakeFiles/kiibohd.elf.dir/Scan/matrix/matrix_scan.c.obj
	[ 30%] Building C object CMakeFiles/kiibohd.elf.dir/Scan/matrix/scan_loop.c.obj
	[ 40%] Building C object CMakeFiles/kiibohd.elf.dir/Macro/PartialMap/macro.c.obj
	[ 50%] Building C object CMakeFiles/kiibohd.elf.dir/Output/pjrcUSB/output_com.c.obj
	[ 60%] Building C object CMakeFiles/kiibohd.elf.dir/Output/pjrcUSB/avr/usb_keyboard_serial.c.obj
	[ 70%] Building C object CMakeFiles/kiibohd.elf.dir/Debug/cli/cli.c.obj
	[ 80%] Building C object CMakeFiles/kiibohd.elf.dir/Debug/led/led.c.obj
	[ 90%] Building C object CMakeFiles/kiibohd.elf.dir/Debug/print/print.c.obj
	Linking C executable kiibohd.elf
	Creating load file for Flash:  kiibohd.hex
	Creating Extended Listing:     kiibohd.lss
	Creating Symbol Table:         kiibohd.sym
	[ 90%] Built target kiibohd.elf
	Scanning dependencies of target SizeAfter
	[100%] Size after generation
		Flash Usage: data (hex)
		  RAM Usage: data (elf)
	   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
	      0    9738       0    9738    260a kiibohd.hex
	   7982    1756     264   10002    2712 kiibohd.elf
	[100%] Built target SizeAfter



----------------------
Windows Loading Firmware
----------------------

First place the keyboard into re-flash mode.
This can be done either by pressing the re-flash button on the PCB/Teensy.
Or by entering the Kiibohd Virtual Serial Interface and using the 'reload' command.

The 'load' script that is created during the build can load the firmware over USB.

To load the newly built firmware:
./load

Be patient the couple of times, Windows is slow at installing drivers...



----------------------
Mac OS X Building
----------------------

From this directory.
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make


Example output:
TODO



----------------------
Mac OS X Loading Firmware
----------------------

First place the keyboard into re-flash mode.
This can be done either by pressing the re-flash button on the PCB/Teensy.
Or by entering the Kiibohd Virtual Serial Port and using the 'reload' command.

The 'load' script that is created during the build can load the firmware over USB.


To load the newly built firmware:
./load



----------------------
Virtual Serial Port - CLI
----------------------

Rather than use a special program that can interpret Raw HID, this controller exposes a USB Serial CDC endpoint.
This allows for you to use a generic serial terminal to debug/control the keyboard firmware (e.g. Tera Term, minicom, screen)


 -------
| Linux |
 -------

I generally use screen.
You will need sudo/root priviledges if you haven't installed the 98-kiibohd.rules file to /etc/udev/rules.d

screen /dev/ttyACM0
(Might be ACM1, ACM2, etc.)


 ---------
| Windows |
 ---------

Make sure the Teensy Virtual Serial Port driver is installed.
If possible use screen (as part of Cygwin).
Check which COM port the virtual serial port has been assigned to:
   Device Manager->Ports (COM & LPT)->Teensy USB Serial
   In brackets it will say which COM port (e.g. COM3)


putty works well when using DTR/DSR or RTS/CTS flow control.
Connection type: Serial
Serial line:     <Your COM port, e.g. COM3>
Speed:           (doesn't matter, it's auto-negotiated)

Under Category->Connections->Serial
Flow control:    DTR/DSR

If stuff is hard to read (you have a dumb colour scheme):
Category->Window->Colours->Use system colur
That seems to make text at least readable (I use a custom colour scheme that makes each colour easy to see -HaaTa).


Unfortunately, screen for Cygwin seems to be broken for serial ports, but you can try it...
screen /dev/ttyS2
(Might be a different file, ttyS0, ttyACM0, ttyUSB0, etc.)

Gnu screen doesn't seem to echo all the characters (it works though).
I believe it's a problem with stty, but I don't know how to fix it...


 ----------
| Mac OS X |
 ----------

I recommend screen (can be installed via Macports).
screen /dev/tty.<usb something>