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Fix doc/keymap.md

tags/v1.9
tmk 11 anni fa
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@@ -3,20 +3,20 @@ Keymap framework - how to define your keymap
***NOTE: This is not final version, may be inconsistent with source code and changed occasionally for a while.***

## 0. Keymap and layers
**Keymap** is comprised of multiple layers of key layout, you can define **16** layers at most.
**Layer** is an array of **keycodes** to define **actions** on each physical keys.
respective layers can be validated simultaneously. Layers are indexed with 0 to 15 and higher layer has precedence.
**Keymap** is comprised of multiple layers of key layout, you can define **32 layers** at most.
**Layer** is an array of **keycodes** to define **actions** for each physical keys.
respective layers can be validated simultaneously. Layers are indexed with 0 to 31 and higher layer has precedence.

Keymap with 16 Layers Layer: array of Keycodes
--------------------- ------------------------
stack of layers content of layer
Keymap: 32 Layers Layer: Keycode matrix
----------------- ---------------------
stack of layers array_of_keycode[row][column]
____________ precedence _______________________
/ / | high / ESC / F1 / F2 / F3 ....
15 /___________// | /-----/-----/-----/-----
14 /___________// | / TAB / / / ....
13 /___________/_ | /-----/-----/-----/-----
: / : : : : : / | /LCtrl/ / / ....
3 /___________// | : / : : : :
31 /___________// | /-----/-----/-----/-----
30 /___________// | / TAB / Q / W / E ....
29 /___________/ | /-----/-----/-----/-----
: _:_:_:_:_:__ | : /LCtrl/ A / S / D ....
: / : : : : : / | : / : : : :
2 /___________// | 2 `--------------------------
1 /___________// | 1 `--------------------------
0 /___________/ V low 0 `--------------------------
@@ -25,42 +25,42 @@ respective layers can be validated simultaneously. Layers are indexed with 0 to

### 0.1 Keymap status
Keymap has its state in two parameters:
**`default_layer`** indicates a base keymap layer(0-15) which is always valid and to be referred, **`keymap_stat`** is 16bit variable which has current on/off status of layers on its each bit.
**`default_layer`** indicates a base keymap layer(0-31) which is always valid and to be referred, **`keymap_stat`** is 16bit variable which has current on/off status of layers on its each bit.

Keymap layer '0' is usually `default_layer` and which is the only valid layer and other layers is initially off after boot up firmware, though, you can configured them in `config.h`.
To change `default_layer` will be useful when you want to switch key layout completely, say you use Colmak instead of Qwerty.
Initial state of Keymap Change base layout
----------------------- ------------------
15 15
14 14
13 13
: :
3 3 ____________
2 ____________ 2 / /
1 / / ,->1 /___________/
,->0 /___________/ | 0
| |
`--- default_layer = 0 `--- default_layer = 1
keymap_stat = 0x0001 keymap_stat = 0x0002
On the other hand, you shall change `keymap_state` to overlay base layer with some layers for feature such as navigation keys, function key(F1-F12), media keys or special actions.
To change `default_layer` will be useful when you switch key layout completely, say you want Colmak instead of Qwerty.
Initial state of Keymap Change base layout
----------------------- ------------------
31 31
30 30
29 29
: :
: : ____________
2 ____________ 2 / /
1 / / ,->1 /___________/
,->0 /___________/ | 0
| |
`--- default_layer = 0 `--- default_layer = 1
layer_state = 0x00000001 layer_state = 0x00000002
On the other hand, you shall change `layer_state` to overlay base layer with some layers for feature such as navigation keys, function key(F1-F12), media keys or special actions.

Overlay feature layer
--------------------- bit|status
____________ ---+------
15 / / 15 | 0
14 /___________// -----> 14 | 1
13 /___________/ -----> 13 | 1
: : |
3 ____________ 3 | 0
31 / / 31 | 0
30 /___________// -----> 30 | 1
29 /___________/ -----> 29 | 1
: : | :
: ____________ : | :
2 / / 2 | 0
,->1 /___________/ -----> 1 | 1
| 0 0 | 0
| |
| +
`--- default_layer = 1 |
keymap_stat = 0x6002 <-----'
layer_state = 0x60000002 <-'



@@ -146,9 +146,9 @@ You can find other keymap definitions in file `keymap.c` located on project dire
};

static const uint16_t PROGMEM fn_actions[] = {
ACTION_KEYMAP_MOMENTARY(1), // FN0
ACTION_KEYMAP_TAP_KEY(2, KC_SCLN), // FN1
ACTION_KEYMAP_TOGGLE(2), // FN2
ACTION_LAYER_MOMENTARY(1), // FN0
ACTION_LAYER_TAP_KEY(2, KC_SCLN), // FN1
ACTION_LAYER_TOGGLE(2), // FN2
};


@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ There are 8 modifiers which has discrimination between left and right.
- `KC_WSCH`, `KC_WHOM`, `KC_WBAK`, `KC_WFWD`, `KC_WSTP`, `KC_WREF`, `KC_WFAV` for web browser operation

### 1.5 Fn key
`KC_FNnn` are keycodes for `Fn` key which not given any actions at the beginning unlike most of keycodes has its own inborn action. To use these keycodes in `KEYMAP` you need to assign action you want at first. Action of `Fn` key is defined in `fn_actions[]` and its index of the array is identical with number part of `KC_FNnn`. Thus `KC_FN0` keyocde indicates the action defined in first element of the array. ***32 `Fn` keys can be defined at most.***
`KC_FNnn` are keycodes for `Fn` key which not given any actions at the beginning unlike most of keycodes has its own inborn action. To use these keycodes in `KEYMAP()` you need to assign action you want at first. Action of `Fn` key is defined in `fn_actions[]` and its index of the array is identical with number part of `KC_FNnn`. Thus `KC_FN0` keyocde indicates the action defined in first element of the array. ***32 `Fn` keys can be defined at most.***

### 1.6 Keycode Table
See keycode table in [`doc/keycode.txt`](./keycode.txt) for description of keycodes.
@@ -205,128 +205,121 @@ There are 8 modifiers which has discrimination between left and right.
## 2. Action
See [`common/action.h`](../common/action.h). Action is a **16bit code** and defines function to perform on events of a key like press, release, holding and tapping.

Most of keys just register 8bit scancode to host, but to support other complex features needs 16bit extended action codes internally. However, using 16bit action codes in keymap results in double size in memory against using jsut keycodes. To avoid this waste 8bit keycodes are used in `KEYMAP` instead of action codes.
Most of keys just register 8bit scancode to host, but to support other complex features needs 16bit extended action codes internally. However, using 16bit action codes in keymap results in double size in memory compared to using jsut keycodes. To avoid this waste 8bit keycodes are used in `KEYMAP()` instead of action codes.

***You can just use keycodes of `Normal key`, `Modifier`, `Mousekey` and `System & Media key` in keymap*** to indicate corresponding actions instead of using action codes. While ***to use other special actions you should use keycode of `Fn` key defined in `fn_actions[]`.***

Usually action codes are needed only when you want to use layer switching, or

### 2.1 Key action
This is a simple action that registers scancodes(HID usage in fact) to host on press event of key and unregister on release.

#### 2.1.1 Normal key and Modifier
This action usually won't be used expressly because you can use keycodes in `KEYMAP()` instead.
You can define `Key` action on *'A'* key and *'left shift'* modifier with:
***This action usually won't be used expressly in keymap*** because you can just use keycodes in `KEYMAP()` instead.

You can define these actions on *'A'* key and *'left shift'* modifier with:

ACTION_KEY(KC_A)
ACTION_KEY(KC_LSHIFT)
ACTION_KEY(KC_LSFT)

#### 2.1.2 Key with modifiers
This action is comprised of strokes of modifiers and a key. `Macro` action is needed if you want more complex key strokes.

Say you want to assign a key to `Shift + 1` to get charactor *'!'* or `Alt + Tab` to switch application windows.

ACTION_LMOD_KEY(KC_LSHIFT, KC_1)
ACTION_LMOD_KEY(KC_LALT, KC_TAB)
ACTION_MOD_KEY(KC_LSFT, KC_1)
ACTION_MOD_KEY(KC_LALT, KC_TAB)

Or `Alt,Shift + Tab` can be defined. `ACTION_LMODS_KEY()` requires **4-bit modifier state** and a **keycode** as arguments. See `keycode.h` for `MOD_BIT()` macro.

ACTION_LMODS_KEY((MOD_BIT(KC_LALT) | MOD_BIT(KC_LSHIFT)), KC_TAB)
ACTION_MODS_KEY((MOD_BIT(KC_LALT) | MOD_BIT(KC_LSFT)), KC_TAB)

#### 2.1.3 Multiple Modifiers
Registers multiple modifiers with a key.

ACTION_MODS(MOD_BIT(KC_ALT) | MOD_BIT(KC_LSFT))

#### 2.1.3 Modifier with tap key

ACTION_MODS_TAP_KEY(KC_RSFT, KC_GRV)

### 2.2 Layer Action
These actions operate layers of keymap.

Parameters:
- layer: 0-15
- on: { press | release | both }

### 2.2 Layer Action
These actions operate layers of keymap.

#### 2.2.0 Default Layer
`default_layer` is layer which always is valid and referred to when actions is not defined on other layers.
**Parameters:**

##### Return to Default Layer
Turns on only `default layer` with clearing other all layers.
+ **layer**: 0-31
+ **on**: { press | release | both }

ACTION_DEFAULT_LAYER

##### Set Default Layer
Sets 'default layer' to layer and turn it on.
#### 2.2.1 Default Layer
`default_layer` is layer which always is valid and referred to when actions is not defined on other overlay layers.

ACTION_DEFAULT_LAYER_SET_TO(layer)
ACTION_DEFAULT_LAYER_SET(layer, on)
Sets `default_layer` to given parameter `layer` and turn it on.

ACTION_DEFAULT_LAYER(layer)

#### 2.2.1 Keymap
These actions operate layer status of keymap.

##### Momentary Switch
Turns on layer momentary while holding, in other words turn on when key is pressed and off when released.
#### 2.2.2 Momentary Switch
Turns on `layer` momentarily while holding, in other words turn on when key is pressed and off when released.

ACTION_KEYMAP_MOMENTARY(layer)
ACTION_LAYER_MOMENTARY(layer)


##### Toggle Switch
#### 2.2.3 Toggle Switch
Turns on layer on first type and turns off on next.

ACTION_KEYMAP_TOGGLE(layer)
ACTION_LAYER_TOGGLE(layer)


##### Momentary Switch with tap key
#### 2.2.4 Momentary Switch with tap key
Turns on layer momentary while holding but registers key on tap.

ACTION_KEYMAP_TAP_KEY(layer, key)
ACTION_LAYER_TAP_KEY(layer, key)


##### Momentary Switch with tap toggle
#### 2.2.5 Momentary Switch with tap toggle
Turns on layer momentary while holding but toggles it with serial taps.

ACTION_KEYMAP_TAP_TOGGLE(layer)
ACTION_LAYER_TAP_TOGGLE(layer)


##### Invert layer
#### 2.2.6 Invert state of layer
Inverts current layer state. If the layer is on it becomes off with this action.

ACTION_KEYMAP_INV(layer, on)
ACTION_LAYER_INVERT(layer, on)


##### Turn On layer
#### 2.2.7 Turn On layer
Turns on layer state.

ACTION_KEYMAP_ON(layer, on)
ACTION_LAYER_ON(layer, on)

Turns on layer state on press and turn off on release. This is identical to **'Switch to layer'** action.
Turns on layer state on press and turns off on release.

ACTION_KEYMAP_ON_OFF(layer)
ACTION_LAYER_ON_OFF(layer)


##### Turn Off layer
#### 2.2.8 Turn Off layer
Turns off layer state.

ACTION_KEYMAP_OFF(layer, on)
ACTION_LAYER_OFF(layer, on)

Turns off layer state on press and activates on release.

##### Set layer
Turn on layer only.
`keymap_stat = (1<<layer) [layer: 0-15]`
ACTION_LAYER_OFF_ON(layer)

ACTION_KEYMAP_SET(layer, on)

Turns on layer only and clear all layer on release..

ACTION_KEYMAP_SET_CLEAR(layer)


#### 2.2.2 Overlay
***TBD***
#### 2.2.9 Set layer
Turn on layer only.
`layer_state = (1<<layer) [layer: 0-31]`

In addition to actions of `Keymap` above these actions are also available.
ACTION_LAYER_SET(layer, on)

##### Invert 4bit layer states
Invert 4bits out of 16bits of overlay status on both press and release.
`overlay_stat = (overlay_stat ^ bits<<(shift*4)) [bits: 0-15, shift: 0-3]`
Turns on layer only and clear all layer on release..

ACTION_OVERLAY_INV4(bits, shift)
ACTION_LAYER_SET_CLEAR(layer)



@@ -355,6 +348,7 @@ Invert 4bits out of 16bits of overlay status on both press and release.
See `keyboard/hhkb/keymap.c` for sample.



### 2.4 Function action
***TBD***

@@ -403,52 +397,52 @@ See `keyboard/hhkb/keymap.c` for sample.



## 4. Layer switching Example
## 3. Layer switching Example
There are some ways to switch layer with 'Layer' actions.

### 4.1 Momentary switching
### 3.1 Momentary switching
Momentary switching changes layer only while holding Fn key.

This action makes 'Layer 1' active(valid) on key press event and inactive on release event. Namely you can overlay a layer on base layer temporarily with this.

ACTION_KEYMAP_MOMENTARY(1)
ACTION_LAYER_MOMENTARY(1)


After switch actions of destination layer are perfomed.
***Thus you shall need to place action to come back on destination layer***, or you will be stuck in destination layer without way to get back. Usually you need to palce same action or 'KC_TRNS` on destination layer to get back.


### 4.2 Toggle switching
### 3.2 Toggle switching
Toggle switching changes layer after press then release. With this you can keep staying on the layer until you press the key again to return.

This is toggle action of 'Layer 2'.

ACTION_KEYMAP_TOGGLE(2)
ACTION_LAYER_TOGGLE(2)



### 4.3 Momentary switching with Tap key
### 3.3 Momentary switching with Tap key
These actions switch layer only while holding `Fn` key and register key on tap. **Tap** means to press and release key quickly.

ACTION_KEYMAP_TAP_KEY(2, KC_SCLN)
ACTION_LAYER_TAP_KEY(2, KC_SCLN)

With this you can place layer switching function on normal key like ';' without losing its original key register function.



### 4.4 Momentary switching with Tap Toggle
### 3.4 Momentary switching with Tap Toggle
This switches layer only while holding `Fn` key and toggle layer after several taps. **Tap** means to press and release key quickly.

ACTION_KEYMAP_TAP_TOGGLE(1)
ACTION_LAYER_TAP_TOGGLE(1)

Number of taps can be defined with `TAPPING_TOGGLE` in `config.h`, `5` by default.



## Tapping
## 4. Tapping
Tapping is to press and release key quickly. Tapping speed is determined with setting of `TAPPING_TERM`, which can be defined in `config.h`, 200ms by default.

### Tap Key
### 4.1 Tap Key
This is feature to assign normal key action and modifier including `Fn` to just one physical key. This is a kind of [Dual role modifier][dual_role]. It works as modifier or `Fn` when holding a key but registers normal key when tapping.

Action for modifier with tap key.
@@ -457,18 +451,18 @@ Action for modifier with tap key.

Action for `Fn` with tap key.

ACTION_KEYMAP_TAP_KEY(layer, key)
ACTION_LAYER_TAP_KEY(layer, key)

[dual_role]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modifier_key#Dual-role_modifier_keys


### Tap Toggle
### 4.2 Tap Toggle
This is feature to assign both toggle layer and momentary switch layer action to just one physical key. It works as mementary switch when holding a key but toggle switch when tapping.

ACTION_KEYMAP_TAP_TOGGLE(layer)
ACTION_LAYER_TAP_TOGGLE(layer)


### One Shot Modifier
### 4.3 One Shot Modifier
This adds oneshot feature to modifier key. 'One Shot Modifier' is one time modifier which has effect only on following one alpha key.
It works as normal modifier key when holding but oneshot modifier when tapping.

@@ -479,12 +473,16 @@ Say you want to type 'The', you have to push and hold Shift before type 't' then



## Legacy Keymap
This was used in prior version and still works due to legacy support code in `common/keymap.c`. Legacy keymap doesn't support many of features that new keymap offers.
## 5. Legacy Keymap
This was used in prior version and still works due to legacy support code in `common/keymap.c`. Legacy keymap doesn't support many of features that new keymap offers. ***It is not recommended to use Legacy Keymap for new project.***

To enable Legacy Keymap support define this macro in `config.h`.

In comparison with new keymap how to define Fn key is different. It uses two arrays `fn_layer[]` and `fn_keycode[]`. The index of arrays corresponds with postfix number of `Fn` key. Array `fn_layer[]` indicates destination layer to switch and `fn_keycode[]` has keycodes to send when tapping `Fn` key.
#define USE_LEGACY_KEYMAP

In following setting example, `Fn0`, `Fn1` and `Fn2` switch layer to 1, 2 and 2 respectively. `Fn2` registers `Space` key when tap while `Fn0` and `Fn1` doesn't send any key.
Legacy Keymap uses two arrays `fn_layer[]` and `fn_keycode[]` to define Fn key. The index of arrays corresponds with postfix number of `Fn` key. Array `fn_layer[]` indicates destination layer to switch and `fn_keycode[]` has keycodes to send when tapping `Fn` key.

In following setting example, `Fn0`, `Fn1` and `Fn2` switch layer to 1, 2 and 2 respectively. `Fn2` registers `Space` key when tapping while `Fn0` and `Fn1` doesn't send any key.

static const uint8_t PROGMEM fn_layer[] = {
1, // Fn0
@@ -499,16 +497,25 @@ In following setting example, `Fn0`, `Fn1` and `Fn2` switch layer to 1, 2 and 2
};


## Terminology
- keymap
- layer
- layout
- key
- keycode
- scancode
- action
- layer transparency
- layer precedence
- register
- tap
- Fn key
## 6. Terminology
***TBD***
### keymap
is comprised of multiple layers.
### layer
is matrix of keycodes.
### key
is physical button on keyboard or logical switch on software.
### keycode
is codes used on firmware.
### action
is a function assigned on a key.
### layer transparency
Using transparent keycode one layer can refer key definition on other lower layer.
### layer precedence
Top layer has higher precedence than lower layers.
### tapping
is to press and release a key quickly.
### Fn key
is key which executes a special action like layer switching, mouse key, macro or etc.
### dual role modifier
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modifier_key#Dual-role_modifier_keys>

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