diff --git a/common/keymap.c b/common/keymap.c
index 8302c270..2782ea9d 100644
--- a/common/keymap.c
+++ b/common/keymap.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #include "keymap.h"
 #include "report.h"
 #include "keycode.h"
+#include "action.h"
 
 
 /* layer */
@@ -24,46 +25,61 @@ uint8_t default_layer = 0;
 uint8_t current_layer = 0;
 
 
+action_t keymap_keycode_to_action(uint8_t keycode)
+{
+    action_t action;
+    switch (keycode) {
+        case KC_A ... KC_EXSEL:
+            action.code = ACTION_KEY(keycode);
+            break;
+        case KC_LCTRL ... KC_LGUI:
+            action.code = ACTION_LMOD(keycode);
+            break;
+        case KC_RCTRL ... KC_RGUI:
+            action.code = ACTION_RMOD(keycode);
+            break;
+        case KC_SYSTEM_POWER ... KC_SYSTEM_WAKE:
+            action.code = ACTION_USAGE_SYSTEM(KEYCODE2SYSTEM(keycode));
+            break;
+        case KC_AUDIO_MUTE ... KC_WWW_FAVORITES:
+            action.code = ACTION_USAGE_CONSUMER(KEYCODE2CONSUMER(keycode));
+            break;
+        case KC_MS_UP ... KC_MS_ACCEL2:
+            action.code = ACTION_MOUSEKEY(keycode);
+            break;
+        case KC_TRNS:
+            action.code = ACTION_TRANSPARENT;
+            break;
+        default:
+            action.code = ACTION_NO;
+            break;
+    }
+    return action;
+}
+
 #ifndef NO_LEGACY_KEYMAP_SUPPORT
 /* legacy support with weak reference */
 __attribute__ ((weak))
 action_t keymap_get_action(uint8_t layer, uint8_t row, uint8_t col)
 {
     /* convert from legacy keycode to action */
-    uint8_t key = keymap_get_keycode(layer, row, col);
+    uint8_t keycode = keymap_get_keycode(layer, row, col);
     action_t action;
-    switch (key) {
-        case KC_A ... KC_EXSEL:
-            action.code = ACTION_KEY(key);
-            break;
-        case KC_LCTRL ... KC_LGUI:
-            action.code = ACTION_LMOD(key);
-            break;
-        case KC_RCTRL ... KC_RGUI:
-            action.code = ACTION_RMOD(key);
-            break;
-        case KC_SYSTEM_POWER ... KC_SYSTEM_WAKE:
-            action.code = ACTION_USAGE_SYSTEM(KEYCODE2SYSTEM(key));
-            break;
-        case KC_AUDIO_MUTE ... KC_WWW_FAVORITES:
-            action.code = ACTION_USAGE_CONSUMER(KEYCODE2CONSUMER(key));
-            break;
-        case KC_MS_UP ... KC_MS_ACCEL2:
-            action.code = ACTION_MOUSEKEY(key);
-            break;
+    switch (keycode) {
         case KC_FN0 ... KC_FN31:
             {
-                uint8_t layer = keymap_fn_layer(FN_INDEX(key));
-                uint8_t code = keymap_fn_keycode(FN_INDEX(key));
-                action.code = ACTION_LAYER_SET_TAP_KEY(layer, code);
+                uint8_t layer = keymap_fn_layer(FN_INDEX(keycode));
+                uint8_t key = keymap_fn_keycode(FN_INDEX(keycode));
+                if (key) {
+                    action.code = ACTION_LAYER_SET_TAP_KEY(layer, key);
+                } else {
+                    action.code = ACTION_LAYER_SET_MOMENTARY(layer);
+                }
             }
-            break;
-        case KC_NO ... KC_UNDEFINED:
+            return action;
         default:
-            action.code = ACTION_NO;
-            break;
+            return keymap_keycode_to_action(keycode);
     }
-    return action;
 }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/common/keymap.h b/common/keymap.h
index 30d73f79..ee36eab8 100644
--- a/common/keymap.h
+++ b/common/keymap.h
@@ -30,14 +30,23 @@ extern uint8_t current_layer;
 extern uint8_t default_layer;
 
 
+/* translates key_t to keycode */
+uint8_t keymap_key_to_keycode(uint8_t layer, key_t key);
+/* translates keycode to action */
+action_t keymap_keycode_to_action(uint8_t keycode);
+/* translates Fn keycode to action */
+action_t keymap_fn_to_action(uint8_t keycode);
+
+
 /* action for key */
-// TODO: should use struct key_t?
+// TODO: should use struct key_t? move to action.h?
 action_t keymap_get_action(uint8_t layer, uint8_t row, uint8_t col);
 
 /* user defined special function */
 void keymap_call_function(keyrecord_t *record, uint8_t id, uint8_t opt);
 
 
+
 #ifndef NO_LEGACY_KEYMAP_SUPPORT
 /* keycode of key */
 uint8_t keymap_get_keycode(uint8_t layer, uint8_t row, uint8_t col);
diff --git a/keyboard/gh60/keymap.c b/keyboard/gh60/keymap.c
index 39bb474c..d2da5052 100644
--- a/keyboard/gh60/keymap.c
+++ b/keyboard/gh60/keymap.c
@@ -162,43 +162,35 @@ static const uint16_t PROGMEM fn_actions[] = {
 
 
 
-/* convert keycode to action */
-action_t keymap_get_action(uint8_t layer, uint8_t row, uint8_t col) {
-    uint8_t key = (pgm_read_byte(&keymaps[(layer)][(row)][(col)]));
+/* translates key to keycode */
+uint8_t keymap_key_to_keycode(uint8_t layer, key_t key)
+{
+    return pgm_read_byte(&keymaps[(layer)][(key.pos.row)][(key.pos.col)]);
+}
 
+/* translates Fn index to action */
+action_t keymap_fn_to_action(uint8_t keycode)
+{
     action_t action;
-    switch (key) {
-        case KC_A ... KC_EXSEL:
-            action.code = ACTION_KEY(key);
-            break;
-        case KC_LCTRL ... KC_LGUI:
-            action.code = ACTION_LMOD(key);
-            break;
-        case KC_RCTRL ... KC_RGUI:
-            action.code = ACTION_RMOD(key);
-            break;
-        case KC_SYSTEM_POWER ... KC_SYSTEM_WAKE:
-            action.code = ACTION_USAGE_SYSTEM(KEYCODE2SYSTEM(key));
-            break;
-        case KC_AUDIO_MUTE ... KC_WWW_FAVORITES:
-            action.code = ACTION_USAGE_CONSUMER(KEYCODE2CONSUMER(key));
-            break;
-        case KC_MS_UP ... KC_MS_ACCEL2:
-            action.code = ACTION_MOUSEKEY(key);
-            break;
-        case KC_FN0 ... KC_FN31:
-            if (FN_INDEX(key) < sizeof(fn_actions) / sizeof(fn_actions[0])) {
-                action.code = pgm_read_word(&fn_actions[FN_INDEX(key)]);
-            } else {
-                action.code = ACTION_NO;
-            }
-            break;
-        case KC_TRNS:
-            action.code = ACTION_TRANSPARENT;
-            break;
-        default:
-            action.code = ACTION_NO;
-            break;
+    if (FN_INDEX(keycode) < sizeof(fn_actions) / sizeof(fn_actions[0])) {
+        action.code = pgm_read_word(&fn_actions[FN_INDEX(keycode)]);
+    } else {
+        action.code = ACTION_NO;
     }
     return action;
 }
+
+/* convert key to action */
+action_t keymap_get_action(uint8_t layer, uint8_t row, uint8_t col)
+{
+    key_t key;
+    key.pos.row = row;
+    key.pos.col = col;
+    uint8_t keycode = keymap_key_to_keycode(layer, key);
+    switch (keycode) {
+        case KC_FN0 ... KC_FN31:
+            return keymap_fn_to_action(keycode);
+        default:
+            return keymap_keycode_to_action(keycode);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/keyboard/hhkb/keymap.c b/keyboard/hhkb/keymap.c
index 65ef89ad..a5b6d3ac 100644
--- a/keyboard/hhkb/keymap.c
+++ b/keyboard/hhkb/keymap.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 #include "keycode.h"
 #include "action.h"
 #include "action_macro.h"
+#include "report.h"
 #include "host.h"
 #include "debug.h"
 #include "keymap.h"
@@ -48,7 +49,6 @@ along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 }
 
 
-// TODO: use [1] = KEYMAP(...) to prevent from changing index of element?
 static const uint8_t PROGMEM keymaps[][MATRIX_ROWS][MATRIX_COLS] = {
     /* Layer 0: Default Layer
      * ,-----------------------------------------------------------.
@@ -309,40 +309,37 @@ void keymap_call_function(keyrecord_t *record, uint8_t id, uint8_t opt)
     }
 }
 
-/* convert keycode to action */
-action_t keymap_get_action(uint8_t layer, uint8_t row, uint8_t col) {
-    uint8_t key = (pgm_read_byte(&keymaps[(layer)][(row)][(col)]));
+
+
+/* translates key to keycode */
+uint8_t keymap_key_to_keycode(uint8_t layer, key_t key)
+{
+    return pgm_read_byte(&keymaps[(layer)][(key.pos.row)][(key.pos.col)]);
+}
+
+/* translates Fn index to action */
+action_t keymap_fn_to_action(uint8_t keycode)
+{
     action_t action;
-    switch (key) {
-        case KC_A ... KC_EXSEL:
-            action.code = ACTION_KEY(key);
-            break;
-        case KC_LCTRL ... KC_LGUI:
-            action.code = ACTION_LMOD(key);
-            break;
-        case KC_RCTRL ... KC_RGUI:
-            action.code = ACTION_RMOD(key);
-            break;
-        case KC_SYSTEM_POWER ... KC_SYSTEM_WAKE:
-            action.code = ACTION_USAGE_SYSTEM(KEYCODE2SYSTEM(key));
-            break;
-        case KC_AUDIO_MUTE ... KC_WWW_FAVORITES:
-            action.code = ACTION_USAGE_CONSUMER(KEYCODE2CONSUMER(key));
-            break;
-        case KC_MS_UP ... KC_MS_ACCEL2:
-            action.code = ACTION_MOUSEKEY(key);
-            break;
-        case KC_FN0 ... KC_FN31:
-            if (FN_INDEX(key) < sizeof(fn_actions) / sizeof(fn_actions[0])) {
-                action.code = pgm_read_word(&fn_actions[FN_INDEX(key)]);
-            } else {
-                action.code = ACTION_NO;
-            }
-            break;
-        case KC_NO ... KC_UNDEFINED:
-        default:
-            action.code = ACTION_NO;
-            break;
+    if (FN_INDEX(keycode) < sizeof(fn_actions) / sizeof(fn_actions[0])) {
+        action.code = pgm_read_word(&fn_actions[FN_INDEX(keycode)]);
+    } else {
+        action.code = ACTION_NO;
     }
     return action;
 }
+
+/* convert key to action */
+action_t keymap_get_action(uint8_t layer, uint8_t row, uint8_t col)
+{
+    key_t key;
+    key.pos.row = row;
+    key.pos.col = col;
+    uint8_t keycode = keymap_key_to_keycode(layer, key);
+    switch (keycode) {
+        case KC_FN0 ... KC_FN31:
+            return keymap_fn_to_action(keycode);
+        default:
+            return keymap_keycode_to_action(keycode);
+    }
+}