Planck Advanced (but not too advanced) cygwin Users Guide

If you are a user of the cygwin environment in Windows and want the freedom to use the latest tools available, then this is the guide for you. If compiling your own copy of the latest and greatest Gnu C Compiler makes you super happy, then this is the guide for you. If the command line make you smile, then this is the guide for you.

This guide was written step by step as I went through the process on a Windows 10 x86_64 and a Windows 7 amd k10 based system. This should be generally applicable to to any Windows environment with cygwin.

Do not skip steps. Do not move past a step until the previous step finishes successfully.

Based on avr-libc installation guide

Get the Required Packages

Download the cygwin setup (x86_64) and install the default system plus the following if they are not already selected:

• devel/git
• devel/gcc-core
• devel/gcc-g++
• devel/flex
• devel/bison
• devel/make
• devel/texinfo
• devel/gettext-devel
• devel/automake
• devel/autoconfig
• devel/libtool
• text/gettext
• libs/libgcc1
• interpreters/m4
• web/wget
• archive/unzip

The following sources will be required:

• gmp (6.1.0)
• mpfr (3.1.4)
• mpc (1.0.3)
• binutils (2.26)
• gcc (5.3.0)
• avr-libc (2.0.0)

The dfu-programmer will be required to flash the new firmware

• dfu-programmer (0.7.2)

The set of commands below will create a directory (~/local/avr) for the sources you compile to be installed on the machine and a directory (~/src) for these source files to be stored. The commands then download the sources of the needed packages and unpack them. Note: the expand commands are different depending on if the packages are offered as a bz2 or gz archive

$ mkdir ~/local
$ mkdir ~/local/avr
$ mkdir ~/src
$ cd ~/src
$ wget https://gmplib.org/download/gmp/gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2
$ wget http://www.mpfr.org/mpfr-3.1.4/mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2
$ wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/mpc/mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/binutils/binutils-2.26.tar.gz
$ wget http://mirror0.babylon.network/gcc/releases/gcc-5.3.0/gcc-5.3.0.tar.gz
$ wget http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/avr-libc/avr-libc-2.0.0.tar.bz2
$ tar -xjf gmp-6.1.0.tar.bz2
$ tar -xjf mpfr-3.1.4.tar.bz2
$ tar -zxf mpc-1.0.3.tar.gz
$ tar -zxf binutils-2.26.tar.gz
$ tar -zxf gcc-5.3.0.tar.gz
$ tar -xjf avr-libc-2.0.0.tar.bz2 

Setup the Build Environment

These commands will set up the install directory and the PATH variable, which will allow you to access your installed packages. Note: if you close the cygwin terminal window, you will need to rerun these commands, they are not permanent.

$ PREFIX=$HOME/local/avr
$ export PREFIX
$ PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/lib:/usr/local/include:/bin:/lib:/cygdrive/c/WINDOWS/system32:/cygdrive/c/WINDOWS
$ PATH=$PATH:$PREFIX/bin:$PREFIX/lib
$ export PATH

The gcc Required Math Library Packages

The following packages are required to be complied and installed in order to compile gcc. They are not sufficiently available through the cygwin package system, so we have to make them ourselves. They must be complied in this order because each one depends on the previous. Verfiy that for each package, make check returns all passing and no fails.

Build and Install gmp

$ cd ~/src/gmp-6.1.0
$ ./configure --enable-static --disable-shared
$ make
$ make check
$ make install

Build and Install mpfr

$ cd ~/src/mpfr-3.1.4
$ ./configure --with-gmp-build=../gmp-6.1.0 --enable-static --disable-shared
$ make
$ make check
$ make install

Build and Install mpc

$ cd ~/src/mpc-1.0.3
$ ./configure --with-gmp=/usr/local --with-mpfr=/usr/local --enable-static --disable-shared
$ make
$ make check
$ make install

OPTIONAL Part

You can build and install a brand new gcc or you can use the one supplied by cygwin. This will take about 4-5 hours to compile (It is a “native build”, so it does the entire build 3 times. This takes a long while).

Build and Install gcc for Your Machine

$ cd ~/src/gcc-5.3.0
$ mkdir obj-local
$ cd obj-local
$ ../configure --enable-languages=c,c++ --with-gmp=/usr/local --with-mpfr=/usr/local --with-mpc=/usr/local --enable-static --disable-shared
$ make
$ make install

End OPTIONAL Part

Build and Install binutils for Your Machine

$ cd ~/src/binutils-2.26
$ mkdir obj-local
$ cd obj-local
$ ../configure
$ make
$ make install

Buliding binutils, gcc, and avr-libc for the AVR system

Now we can make the critical stuff for compiling our firmware: binutils, gcc, and avr-libc for the AVR architecture. These allow us to build and manipulate the firmware for the keyboard.

Build binutils for AVR

If you plan to build and install avr-gdb also, use the gdb install at the end of this guide as it also builds the binutils

$ cd ~/src/binutils-2.26
$ mkdir obj-avr
$ cd obj-avr
$ ../configure --prefix=$PREFIX --target=avr --disable-nls
$ make
$ make install

Build gcc for AVR

$ cd ~/src/gcc-5.3.0
$ mkdir obj-avr
$ cd obj-avr
$ ../configure --prefix=$PREFIX --target=avr --enable-languages=c,c++ --with-gmp=/usr/local --with-mpfr=/usr/local --with-mpc=/usr/local --enable-static --disable-shared --disable-nls --disable-libssp --with-dwarf2
$ make
$ make install

Build avr-libc for AVR

For building the avr-libc, we have to specify the host build system. In my case it is x86_64-unknown-cygwin. You can look for build system type in the gcc configure notes for the proper --build specification to pass when you configure avr-libc.

$ cd ~/src/avr-libc-2.0.0
$ ./configure --prefix=$PREFIX --build=x86_64-unknown-cygwin --host=avr
$ make
$ make install

Building ‘dfu-programmer’ for flashing the firmware via USB and installing the drivers

We can either build our own, or use the precomplied binaries. The precompiled binaries don’t play well with cygwin so it is better to build them ourselves. The procedure for the precompiled binaries is included at the end of this guide.

Build and Install the libusb

The dfu-programmer requires libusb so that it can interact with the USB system. These repos must be bootstrapped in order to create an appropriate ./configure and Makefile for your system.

$ cd ~/src
$ git clone https://github.com/libusb/libusb.git
$ cd libusb
$ ./bootstrap.sh
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install

Build and Install the dfu-programmer

$ cd ~/src
$ git clone https://github.com/dfu-programmer/dfu-programmer.git
$ cd dfu-programmer
$ ./bootstrap.sh
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install

Verify the installation with:

$ which dfu-programmer
/usr/local/bin/dfu-programmer

$ dfu-programmer
dfu-programmer 0.7.2
https://github.com/dfu-programmer/dfu-programmer
Type 'dfu-programmer --help'    for a list of commands
     'dfu-programmer --targets' to list supported target devices

If you are not getting the above result, you will not be able to flash the firmware!

Install the USB drivers

The drivers are included in the windows binary version of dfu-programmer 0.7.2.

$ cd ~/src
$ wget http://iweb.dl.sourceforge.net/project/dfu-programmer/dfu-programmer/0.7.2/dfu-programmer-win-0.7.2.zip
$ unzip dfu-programmer-win-0.7.2.zip -d dfu-programmer-win-0.7.2

or

The official drivers are found in Atmel’s FLIP installer. Download and then install FLIP. Upon installation, the drivers will be found in C:\Program Files (x86)\Atmel\Flip 3.4.7\usb.

Then, from an administrator-privileged Windows terminal, run the following command (adjust the path for username, etc. as necessary) and accept the prompt that pops up:

C:\> pnputil -i -a C:\cygwin64\home\Kevin\src\dfu-programmer-win-0.7.2\dfu-prog-usb-1.2.2\atmel_usb_dfu.inf
or
C:\> pnputil -i -a "C:\Program Files (x86)\Atmel\Flip 3.4.7\usb\atmel_usb_dfu.inf"

This should be the result:

Microsoft PnP Utility

Processing inf :            atmel_usb_dfu.inf
Successfully installed the driver on a device on the system.
Driver package added successfully.
Published name :            oem104.inf


Total attempted:              1
Number successfully imported: 1

Alternatively, the Windows driver can be installed when prompted by Windows when the keyboard is attached. Do not let Windows search for a driver; specify the path to search for a driver and point it to the atmel_usb_dfu.inf file.

Building and Flashing the Planck firmware!

If you did everything else right. This part should be a snap! Grab the latest sources from github, make the Plank firmware, then flash it.

Build Planck and Load the Firmware

$ cd ~/src
$ git clone https://github.com/jackhumbert/qmk_firmware.git
$ cd qmk_firmware/keyboard/planck
$ make

Make sure there are no errors. You should end up with this or something similar:

Creating load file for Flash: planck.hex
avr-objcopy -O ihex -R .eeprom -R .fuse -R .lock -R .signature planck.elf planck.hex

Creating load file for EEPROM: planck.eep
avr-objcopy -j .eeprom --set-section-flags=.eeprom="alloc,load" \
--change-section-lma .eeprom=0 --no-change-warnings -O ihex planck.elf planck.eep || exit 0

Creating Extended Listing: planck.lss
avr-objdump -h -S -z planck.elf > planck.lss

Creating Symbol Table: planck.sym
avr-nm -n planck.elf > planck.sym

Size after:
   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
  18602      82     155   18839    4997 planck.elf

-------- end --------

If you do not get the above, you did not build the firmware, and you will have nothing to flash. If you have the fresh clone from github, it was probably something gone wrong in this install process, go check and see what didn’t work and threw errors or what steps you might have missed.

But if everything went OK, you are ready to flash! Press the reset button on the bottom of the Planck, wait two seconds, then:

$ make dfu

. . . profit!!!

extra bits…

Installing Precompiled dfu-programmer Binaries (not recommended for cygwin)

To install the dfu-programmer from the binaries, we must get if from the dfu-programmer website (0.7.2).

Copy this file into your cygwin home\src directory. (For me, it is C:\cygwin64\home\Kevin\src), extract the files, move dfu-programmer.exe to ~/local/avr/bin. Most obnoxiously, the libusb0_x86.dll and libusb0.sys need to be moved from ./dfu-prog-usb-1.2.2/x86/ to a directory in the Windows PATH and the cygwin PATH. This is because the dfu-programmer binary is mingw based, not cygwin based, so the dlls do not cooperate. I achieved acceptable pathing by moving the files to C:\cygwin64\home\Kevin\local\avr\bin Then, in a WINDOWS command prompt running (Adjusting your path for username, etc. as needed):

C:\> set PATH=%PATH%;C:\cygwin64\home\Kevin\local\avr\bin

Then, rename libusb0_x86.dll to libusb0.dll.

You can tell that you were successful by trying to execute ‘dfu-programmer’ from the ‘cygwin’ prompt:

$ which dfu-programmer
/home/Kevin/local/avr/bin/dfu-programmer

$ dfu-programmer
dfu-programmer 0.7.2
https://github.com/dfu-programmer/dfu-programmer
Type 'dfu-programmer --help'    for a list of commands
     'dfu-programmer --targets' to list supported target devices

If you are not getting the above result, you will not be able to flash the firmware!

• Try making sure your PATH variables are set correctly for both Windows and cygwin.
• Make sure the dll is named correctly.
• Do not extract it with cygwin’s unzip as it does not set the executable permission. If you did it anyway, do chmod +x dfu-programmer.exe.
• Still have problems? Try building it instead.

Debugging Tools

These tools are for debugging your firmware, etc. before flashing. Theoretically, it can save your memory from wearing out. However, these tool do not work 100% for the Planck firmware.

gdb for AVR

gdb has a simulator for AVR but it does not support all instructions (like WDT), so it immediately crashes when running the Planck firmware (because lufa.c disables the WDT in the first few lines of execution). But it can still be useful in debugging example code and test cases, if you know how to use it.

$ cd ~/src
$ git clone git://sourceware.org/git/binutils-gdb.git
$ cd binutils-gdb
$ mkdir obj-avr
$ cd obj-avr
$ ../configure --prefix=$PREFIX --target=avr --build=x86_64-unknown-cygwin --with-gmp=/usr/local --with-mpfr=/usr/local --with-mpc=/usr/local --disable-nls --enable-static
$ make
$ make install

simulavr

simulavr is an AVR simulator. It runs the complied AVR elfs. simulavr does not support the atmega32u4 device… it does atmega32 but that is not good enough for the firmware (no PORTE and other things), so you cannot run the Planck firmware. I use it to simulate ideas I have for features in separate test projects.

This one is a major pain in the butt because it has a lot of dependencies and it is buggy. I will do my best to explain it but… it was hard to figure out. A few things need to be changed in the ‘Makefile’ to make it work in cygwin.

$ cd ~/src
$ git clone https://github.com/Traumflug/simulavr.git
$ cd simulavr
$ ./bootstrap
$ ./configure --prefix=$PREFIX --enable-static --disable-tcl --disable-doxygen-doc

Edit src/Makefile.am now so that -no-undefined is included (I did this by removing the SYS_MINGW conditional surrounding libsim_la_LDFLAGS += -no-undefined and libsimulavr_la_LDFLAGS += -no-undefined \ libsimulavr_la_LIBADD += $(TCL_LIB). Also, $(EXEEXT) is added after kbdgentables in two places.

$ make
$ make install

TODO:

• git repos for all sources
• command line magic for cygwin setup
• better options for dfu-drivers