193 lines
7.0 KiB
Markdown
193 lines
7.0 KiB
Markdown
Tutorial 3cde - sublayer keyboard
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=================================
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This tutorial assumes you have read tutorial_3ab_multi-layer_keyboard.
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When you finish this tutorial you will be able to be able to modify a multi-layer keybrd sketch.
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Sublayer nomenclature
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---------------------
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These definitions are specific to the keybrd library.
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**layer group** - is a group of layers that occupy a group of keys.
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**layer subgroup** - is a layer group nested in a layer of another layer group.
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Layout with a sublayer
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----------------------
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The next three example sketches all use this layout:
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| Layout | **0** | **1** | **2** |
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|:------:|:-----:|:-----:|:-----:|
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| **0** | a - 1 | b = | c Num |
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| **1** | Alpha | Sym | Enter |
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Each cell in the table's body represents a key.
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Each element in a cell represents a scancode or layer code.
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Pressing the Alpha-layer key locks the Alpha layer.
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Letters 'a' 'b' 'c' are on the Alpha layer.
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Pressing the Sym-layer key locks the Sym layer.
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Symbols '-' '=' and "Num" layer key are on the Sym layer.
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If the keyboard is locked on the Sym layer, holding Num down makes it the active layer.
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Number '1' is on the Num sublayer.
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Releasing the Num key makes the locked layer active.
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Example sketches 3c, 3d, and 3e implement the above layout.
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Each sketch uses a different layer scheme.
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The sketches will run on the basic breadboard keyboard described in [tutorial_1_breadboard_keyboard.md](tutorial_1_breadboard_keyboard.md) with a 3rd column added to pin 16:
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Sketch 3c - two layer groups
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----------------------------
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This layer scheme has two layer groups:
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| group_1 | **0** | **1** | **2** |
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|:-------:|:-----:|:-----:|:----------:|
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| **0** | a - 1 | b = = | c Num null | layer group with three layers: Alpha Sym Num
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| **1** | | | |
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| group_0 | **0** | **1** | **2** |
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|:-------:|:-----:|:-----:|:-----:|
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| **0** | | | |
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| **1** | Alpha | Sym | Enter | layer group with a one layer
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group_1 covers the entire top row, therefore Num layer covers the entire top row.
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Meanwhile, the layout's Num layer only covers the first key.
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The unused num-layer space is filled with duplicate and null codes.
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A little filler is the simplest way in some situations.
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The layer scheme is implemented in keybrd_3c_sublayerNull.ino
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The null is not really needed because null is on the same key as Num layer code.
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And Num is the only layer code that can activate the Num layer.
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The null key would be needed if another Num key where added to the layout.
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The next example sketch has three layer groups that fit the layout perfectly.
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Sketch 3d - three layer groups
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------------------------------
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This layer scheme has three layer groups:
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| group_2 | **0** | **1** | **2** |
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|:-------:|:-----:|:-----:|:-----:|
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| **0** | - 1 | | | layer subgroup with two layers: Sym Num
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| **1** | | | |
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| group_1 | **0** | **1** | **2** |
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|:-------:|:---------:|:-----:|:-----:|
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| **0** | a group_2 | b = | c Num | layer group with two layers: Alpha Sym
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| **1** | | | |
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| group_0 | **0** | **1** | **2** |
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|:-------:|:-----:|:-----:|:-----:|
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| **0** | | | |
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| **1** | Alpha | Sym | Enter | layer group with a one layer
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The three layer groups model the logic of the layout accurately, without resorting to fillers.
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The layer scheme is implemented in keybrd_3d_sublayerNestedKeys.ino.
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Sketch 3e - specialized layered keys
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------------------------------------
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Key_LayeredKeys constructor takes any number of code or key arguments.
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Key_LayeredScSc is more specialized. It's constructor takes exactly two scancode arguments.
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Key_LayeredScSc has advantages when a large layer group has two layers:
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* no array is created for the two scancodes, which means less clutter in the sketch
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* uses less SRAM
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The layer scheme is implemented in keybrd_3e_sublayerNestedScSc.ino.
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It is similar to the previous sketch, but Key_LayeredKeysArray1 is replaced with Key_LayeredScSc.
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Key_Layered classes include:
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* Key_LayeredKeys (any number of codes or keys)
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* Key_LayeredScSc (specialized for two scancodes)
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* Key_LayeredCodeSc (specialized for one code and one scancode)
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Subgroup layer-key placement
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----------------------------
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A subgroup's layer key(s) can be placed in one of two ways.
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1) A subgroup and it's layer key(s) on the same layer.
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This layout has a '1' in the Num layer and the Num layer key on the Sym layer:
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| Layout | **0** | **1** | **2** |
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|:------:|:-----:|:-----:|:-----:|
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| **0** | a - 1 | b = | c Num |
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| **1** | Alpha | Sym | Enter |
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This arrangement presents the Num layer as a "sublayer".
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2) A subgroup with it's layer key(s) on single-layer key(s).
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This layout has a '1' in the Num layer and the Num layer key on the bottom row:
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| Layout | **0** | **1** | **2** |
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|:------:|:-----:|:-----:|:-----:|
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| **0** | a - 1 | b = | c Ent |
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| **1** | Alpha | Sym | Num |
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This arrangement presents the Num layer as just another layer that happens to cover fewer keys than Alpha and Sym layers.
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The top row is easily implemented in one layer group with duplicate keys filling the Num layer:
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| group_1 | **0** | **1** | **2** |
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|:-------:|:-----:|:------:|:---------:|
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| **0** | a - 1 | b = = | c Ent Ent | layer group with three layers: Alpha Sym Num
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| **1** | | | |
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Complex layerschemes
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--------------------
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The basic LayerState class used in the tutorials is sufficient for implementing many layer schemes.
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More complicated layer schemes would need custom LayerState classes, and possibly custom Code_Layer and Key_Layered classes as well.
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Any layer scheme can be implemented with the right custom layer classes.
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[keybrd_DH](https://github.com/wolfv6/keybrd_DH) is an example of a complex layer scheme.
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It emulates the DataHand keyboard, which has the most complex layout I know of.
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Most layer schemes are much simpler.
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Layer-scheme classes used by keybrd_DH are listed below.
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Most of the layer-scheme classes are custom classes which reside in the keybrd_DH library.
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DH Code_Layer classes include:
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* Code_LayerLock
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* Code_LayerLockMF_Protector
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* Code_LayerState_Toggle
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DH LayerState classes include:
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* LayerState
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* LayerState_DH
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* LayerState_NAS
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DH Key_Layered classes include:
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* Key_LayeredKeys
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* Key_LayeredScSc
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* Key_LayeredNav
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* Key_LayeredDoublePressToggle
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* Key_LayeredCodeSc_MF
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* Key_LayeredOperator
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* Key_LayeredNumber
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* Key_LayeredNumber_00
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Exercises
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---------
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1) Modify keybrd_3e_sublayerNestedScSc.ino to match the following layout
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(add the number '2' to the Num layer):
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| Layout | **0** | **1** | **2** |
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|:------:|:-----:|:-----:|:-----:|
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| **0** | a - 1 | b = 2 | c Num |
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| **1** | Alpha | Sym | Enter |
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2) Modify keybrd_3c_sublayerNull.ino to match the following layout
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(this was described above in "Subgroup layer-key placement"):
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| Layout | **0** | **1** | **2** |
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|:------:|:-----:|:-----:|:-----:|
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| **0** | a - 1 | b = | c Ent |
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| **1** | Alpha | Sym | Num |
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