194 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
194 lines
8.4 KiB
Markdown
keybrd Library Developer's Guide
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================================
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This guide if for maintaining and writing new classes for the keybrd library and its extension libraries.
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The most common reason for new classes are:
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* Port classes for micro controller or I/O expanders
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* custom layer schemes for multi-layer keyboards
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* experimental features
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## Who this guide is for
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This guide is for the maintainers and developers of the keybrd library and it's extensions.
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It is assumed the reader is familiar with C++ language including pointers, objects, classes, static class variables, composition, inheritance, polymorphism, and enum.
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Some classes use bit manipulation.
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## Class inheritance diagrams
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Keybrd library class inheritance diagram
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```
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Matrix
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Row
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IOExpanderPort
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_______ RowPort _______
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/ | \
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RowPort_AVR RowPort_MCP23018 RowPort_PCA9655E (one RowPort class for each type of IC)
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_______ ColPort _______
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/ | \
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ColPort_AVR ColPort_MCP23018 ColPort_PCA9655E (one ColPort class for each type of IC)
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_____ LED ______
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/ | \
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LED_AVR LED_MCP23018 LED_PCA9655E (one LED class for each type of IC)
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LayerStateInterface
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LayerState
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Key __
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| Key_LayeredKeysArray
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Code
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|_____________________
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| \ \
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| Code_LayerLock Code_LayerHold
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|___________________________
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| \ \
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| Code_LayeredScScBase Code_LayeredCodeScBase
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| Code_LayeredScSc Code_LayeredCodeSc
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|__________________________________________
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\ \ \ \
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Code_Sc Code_Shift Code_AutoShift Code_LockLED
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/ | \
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Code_ScS Code_ScNS Code_ScNS_00
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```
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## Dependency diagrams
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single-layer dependency diagram with LEDs
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```
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matrix[1..*]
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row[1..*]_____________________________
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| \ \ \
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rowPort[1] rowPin[1] colPort[1] keys[1]
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colPins[1..*] code[1..*]
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LED[1]
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```
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multi-layer dependency diagram with LEDs and I/O Expander
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```
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matrix[1..*]
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| layerStates[1..*]
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row[1..*]_________________________________________/__ | \
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| \ \ \ / \ | \
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rowPort[1] rowPin[1] colPort[1] keys[1] / code_layer[1..*] LED[0..*]
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\ / \ | / /
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\ / colPins[1..*] key[1..*] /
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\ / | /
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\ / code[1..*] /
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\ / ______________________________________/
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IOExpanderPort[0..*]
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```
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## Class naming conventions
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Class names start with upper case letter.
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Most derived-class names start with the base class name followed by "_" and a name e.g.
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```
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Code
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Code_LayerLock
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```
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This convention leads to class names that convey information about the classes inheritance.
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Underscore delineates base class name and sub-class name. Capital letters delineate words.
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## Layer-class naming conventions
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*Code_Layer* class names are concatenations of "Code_", "Layer" or layer name, and persistence.
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Example persistences are:
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* "Lock" - layer remains active after the layer key is released
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* "Hold" - layer is active for as long as layer key is held down
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Example Code_Layer class names:
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* Code_LayerHold
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* Code_LayerLock
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*LayerState* class names start with "LayerState" and end with a descriptive name.
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Example LayerState class names:
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* LayerState - basic LayerState class in keybrd library
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* LayerState_DH - main LayerState for the keybrd_DH library
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* LayerState_MF - LayerState for Mouse Function sub-layers in the keybrd_DH library
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*Code_Layered* class names start with "Code_Layered" and end with a descriptive name.
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Example Code_Layered class names:
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* Code_LayeredScSc
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* Key_LayeredKeysArray
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## Style guide
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Following the style guide makes it easier for the next programmer to understand your code.
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* For class names, see above section "Class naming conventions"
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* For member names, use camelCase starting with lowercase letter.
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* Use constants rather than macros, except for header guards.
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* For constant names that could be macros, use ALL_CAPS_AND_UNDERSCORE.
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* **ITEM_COUNT** is a constant number of items.
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* **itemCount** is a variable number of items.
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* Use header guards CLASS_NAME_H.
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* Prefix pointer name with "ptr" e.g. ptrRow = &row;
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* Name arrays using the plural of element name e.g. Row* const = ptrsRows { &row0, &row1 };
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* Pass arrays using array notation rather than pointer notation. Use
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```
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void printArray(char[] array);
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not
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void printArray( char* array);
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```
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* In constructor's initialization list, use same names for fields and constructor parameters.
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* Do not use new or malloc (making memory leaks impossible).
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* If class has any non-[POD](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_old_data_structure) data members, [do not inline constructors and destructors](http://www.chromium.org/developers/coding-style/cpp-dos-and-donts).
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* Document class interface in .h file, above the class declaration.
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* Code should be self-documenting. The only comments should be things that may need clarification. A simple function with a good name needs no comment.
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* Code is automatically formated before being pushed to the keybrd repository.
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The [astyle_cpp](astyle_cpp) file specifies the format:
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* Allman style indentation
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* indent 4 spaces
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* replace tabs with spaces
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* maximum code width of 100 columns
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<!-- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2198241/best-practice-for-c-function-commenting -->
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## Trace of keybrd scan
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Arduino does not have a debugger; so here is a list of functions in the order that they are called.
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Refer to it like a table of contents while reading the keybrd library.
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```
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Matrix::scan() for each row
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Row::process()
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Row::scan()
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RowPort_*::setActivePin*() strobe row on
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for each col port
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ColPort_*::read() read col port
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RowPort_*::setActivePin*() strobe row off
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Row::getRowState() for each col port
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for each connected col pin
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if key is pressed
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set rowState bit
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Row::debounce() debounce
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Row::detectEdge() detect edge
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Row::pressRelease() for each key in row
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if rising edge
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Key_*::press() scanCode->press()
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Code_*::press() Keyboard.press(scancode)
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```
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## The Arduino libraries
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The keybrd libraries compile on the Arduino IDE and make extensive use of the following [Arduino libraries](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/Libraries):
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#include <Arduino.h>
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#include <Wire.h>
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#include <Keyboard.h>
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#include <Mouse.h>
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<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br /><span xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" property="dct:title">keybrd guide</span> by <a xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="https://github.com/wolfv6/keybrd" property="cc:attributionName" rel="cc:attributionURL">Wolfram Volpi</a> is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.<br />Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at <a xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" href="https://github.com/wolfv6/keybrd/issues/new" rel="cc:morePermissions">https://github.com/wolfv6/keybrd/issues/new</a>.
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